The effect of generative AI on labour productivity among primary-care physicians: evidence from a two-way fixed-effects panel

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1. Introduction
This paper studies the labour-market impact of the technology described in the
title. We study how the adoption of generative AI affects labour productivity among primary-care physicians. Using a two-way fixed-effects panel covering the 2024–2025 period, we estimate the impact of access to generative AI on the outcome of interest. We find no statistically significant change. The results are robust to alternative specifications and are concentrated among less-experienced workers. We discuss implications for how generative AI reshapes the tasks and skills that make up these jobs.

3. Data and design
Design: panel. The sample is drawn from administrative and survey
sources over the study window. Table 3 reports the main estimate.

4. Results
Main estimate (Table 3, column 4): the point estimate is 0.083
(standard error 0.076) [SEE PAGE 7]. Effect class:
null. Heterogeneity analysis on page 9 shows the effect concentrates
among less-experienced workers.

6. Conclusion
We discuss how the technology reshapes the tasks and skills composing these jobs.
